Abortion by medicine, also known as medical abortion or medication abortion, involves using medications to terminate a pregnancy. This method is typically used within the first 10 weeks of pregnancy. There are two primary medications commonly used for medical abortion:
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Mifepristone (RU-486): This is the first medication given. It works by blocking the hormone progesterone, which is necessary for maintaining the pregnancy. Without progesterone, the uterine lining breaks down, and the pregnancy cannot continue.
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Misoprostol: This is the second medication taken a day or two after mifepristone. It causes the uterus to contract and expel the pregnancy. It also helps to soften the cervix, making the process more comfortable.
The process of medical abortion typically involves the following steps:
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Day 1: The individual takes mifepristone under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
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Day 1 to 2: A day or two later, the individual takes misoprostol, usually at home. This can lead to cramping and bleeding as the uterus expels the pregnancy.
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Follow-up: A follow-up appointment is scheduled with a healthcare provider within a week or two to ensure the abortion is complete and to address any concerns.
It's important to note that medical abortion should be done under the guidance of a healthcare professional, and the medications should be obtained through a licensed provider. Additionally:
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Effectiveness: Medical abortion is generally effective in terminating early pregnancies, with success rates of around 95-98%.
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Pain and Bleeding: Cramping and bleeding are common side effects, and the experience can vary among individuals. Pain relief and support are often provided.
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Complications: While serious complications are rare, it's essential to be aware of potential risks and have access to medical care if needed.
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Counseling and Support: Counseling and support services should be available to individuals undergoing medical abortion to address emotional and psychological aspects.
Medical abortion is a safe and commonly used method for terminating early pregnancies. However, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional to determine eligibility, ensure the process is done safely, and address any concerns or questions. Laws and regulations regarding medical abortion vary by country and region, so it's important to be aware of local guidelines and access to healthcare services.